منابع مشابه
How Can Evolution Learn?
The theory of evolution links random variation and selection to incremental adaptation. In a different intellectual domain, learning theory links incremental adaptation (e.g., from positive and/or negative reinforcement) to intelligent behaviour. Specifically, learning theory explains how incremental adaptation can acquire knowledge from past experience and use it to direct future behaviours to...
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The two-hundredth anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth has been a cause for celebration and reflection about the theory of evolution: one of the most powerful ideas in history, the full dimensions of which are still being explored. Darwin’s genius was to describe a simple mechanism to account for the generation of biological diversity and the history of life, arising from the interplay between...
متن کاملHow epigenetic evolution can guide genetic evolution
The expression level of a gene in future generations can be modified both by genetic mutations and by the attachment of methyl groups to the DNA. Since the DNA methylation pattern along a genome is inherited, methylation patterns constitute a significant epigenetic inheritance mechanism that is subject to evolution by natural selection. The variation rate of methylation patterns is generally hi...
متن کاملHow Symbiosis Can Guide Evolution
Hinton and Nowlan have demonstrated a model of how lifetime plasticity can guide evolution. They show how acquired traits change the shape of the reward landscape in which subsequent genetic variation takes place, and in so doing encourage the discovery of equivalent heritable traits. This enables the seemingly Lamarkian inheritance of acquired characteristics without the direct transfer of inf...
متن کاملHow Learning Can Guide Evolution
The assumption that acquired characteristics are not inherited is often taken to imply that the adaptations that an organism learns during its lifetime cannot guide the course of evolution. This inference is incorrect (Baldwin, 1896). Learning alters the shape of the search space in which evolution operates and thereby provides good evolutionary paths towards sets of co-adapted alleles. We demo...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Trends in Ecology & Evolution
سال: 2016
ISSN: 0169-5347
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.11.009